Estate
Heirs
Who survives you. The residue after bequests is divided among them by Islamic shares.
Bequests (waṣāyā)
Gifts to people or causes. Total is capped at one-third of the net estate; a bequest to an heir needs the other heirs’ consent.
Distribution
Will document
Method & sources
Order of settlement (funeral → debts → bequests → inheritance) follows Qurʾān 4:11–12. The one-third bequest limit is the ḥadīth of Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ (al-Bukhārī 2742, Muslim 1628); "no bequest to an heir" is reported by Abū Dāwūd (2870) and al-Tirmidhī (2120). The residue is divided by the Sunni-Jumhūr farāʾiḍ engine.
Inheritance is divided only «after any bequest … or debt» (min baʿdi waṣiyyatin yūṣī bihā aw dayn) — the order: funeral & debts, then bequests, then the fixed shares.
Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ: the Prophet ﷺ limited his bequest to one-third — «the third, and the third is much».
No bequest to an heir («lā waṣiyyata li-wārith») without the other heirs’ consent.