Methodology & sources

Madhhab & scope

Noor Bayan follows the Sunni Jumhūr position — what the majority of the four schools (Ḥanafī, Mālikī, Shāfiʿī, Ḥanbalī) agree on. Scholars differ on some cases; we say so plainly rather than hide it.

The Faraid calculator covers the agreed inheritance cases. The Zakat calculator covers zakāt al-māl (wealth zakat).

Basis of the inheritance rules

The fixed shares (furūḍ) and residuary (ʿaṣaba) distribution are taken from the Qurʾān: Sūrat an-Nisāʾ 4:11, 4:12 and 4:176, and the ʿaṣaba ḥadīth: “Give the fixed shares to those entitled; whatever remains goes to the nearest male heir” (al-Bukhārī & Muslim).

The rules of ʿawl (when fixed shares exceed the estate) and radd (when they fall short with no residuary) are applied as established by the majority.

Basis of the zakat calculation

Zakāt al-māl is 2.5% (one-fortieth) of the zakatable base, once it reaches the niṣāb and has been held for a lunar year.

Niṣāb: 85 g of gold or 595 g of silver (we default to silver as the lower, more cautious threshold). Some scholars use 87.48 g gold / 612.36 g silver — the values are editable.

Metal-price source

Gold and silver spot prices are fetched from a free, keyless source, then converted from the troy ounce (31.1034768 g) to the gram and into your currency. They are estimates and editable — enter your actual local price if you prefer.

Deferred cases we do NOT compute (we refer you on)

Grandfather competing with full or paternal siblings: several recognised scholarly methods disagree, so we do not pick one.

Distant kin (dhawū al-arḥām, e.g. daughters’ and sisters’ children): not covered in v1.

Zakat on agriculture, livestock and rikāz: each has its own niṣāb and rate, not the wealth rate.

References

The Qurʾān (an-Nisāʾ 4:11–12, 4:176), the two Ṣaḥīḥs (the ʿaṣaba ḥadīth), the standard farāʾiḍ works of the four schools, and the fiqh-council rulings on zakat.